What is an Application? Explaining the differences between Software and Programs and Application development Costs.

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When the term "Application" is mentioned, what comes to mind? For the majority of individuals, the immediate image that springs to mind is probably that of Social networking Services (SNS) and games that are frequently used on smartphones and tablets. Most likely, the images you're conjuring up right now are indeed applications.

But, can you truly define what an application is? It's a question that may leave you struggling for words! You're not alone, many people might find it challenging to provide a clear-cut definition. The penetration rate of smartphones has soared beyond 96.3% (as of January 2023), and the diverse array of functions and services referred to as apps have become so commonplace that we may not have ever paused to consider their underlying meaning.

Thus, the focus of this piece is to shed light on the ins and outs of these "applications" that have seamlessly woven themselves into our daily lives. Starting with the fundamental question of "What is an application?", we will delve into its different types, ways they are provided, associated costs, and more to solidify your foundational understanding.

So, what exactly is an app? If you're keen on deepening your understanding right from the basics, or if you're someone who isn't confident in your IT knowledge but find yourself dealing with it at your workplace, this comprehensive guide is for you! Read on to the very end!

What is an Application?

"In my journey through the realms of software and technology, I've often pondered, 'What is an Application?' From my experience, at its core, an application is more than just a piece of software installed on a device and running on its Operating System (OS). It's a bespoke solution, meticulously designed and created to address the user's specific needs and purposes. Reflecting on the etymology of 'application', which in English carries the essence of 'application' or 'request', I've seen its evolution. In recent years, it has seamlessly woven itself into our everyday vernacular, primarily referring to 'Application software', the heart of our discussion today. We've affectionately abbreviated it as an "app", a term now ubiquitous in our digital lexicon.

In my role at a company specializing in system development, app development, and Digital Transformation, I've categorized applications into three distinct types: web applications that breathe life through a web browser, mobile applications - our beloved native applications that nestle comfortably on devices like smartphones, and the versatile hybrid apps that straddle both platforms with ease. Delving deeper, which I will do in subsequent sections, we'll explore the specific platforms these applications thrive on.

Drawing from my professional experiences, I've interacted with myriad web applications – from calendars and email to document creation tools and complex systems for managing employees, customers, and businesses. Each of these serves a unique purpose, yet they all share the common thread of enhancing efficiency and convenience. Shifting focus to mobile applications, I've seen their transformative impact firsthand. From facilitating smartphone payments and managing loyalty points to enabling messaging communication and immersive gaming experiences, these applications have revolutionized how we interact with our digital world.

Types of Application

As mentioned earlier, applications can be broadly divided into three categories: Each target platform is different, and the technology used for development is also different.

If you want to know more, please refer to the previous article, "What is a web application?"

・Web Application

Web apps are applications that are accessed through a browser and can be used by users when they are connected to the Internet . You can log in and use the service even from a different device, as long as you have an internet environment and ID or password. Also, unlike when using an app on a smartphone, there is no need to install it on the device .

・Mobile App (Native app)

Mobile apps are developed for specific platforms, such as iOS or Android, and allow you to take full advantage of each platform's features by accessing device features such as the camera, microphone, push notifications, and location . There are also some that can be used offline, and they are characterized by fast loading times, smooth screen movement, and ease of use.

・Hybrid app

Hybrid apps are apps that are developed using web technologies (HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and can run on multiple platforms. Since multiple platforms can be developed at the same time using the same technology used to create websites, cost-effective development and maintenance are possible. Additionally, the use of native components (characteristic UI elements and behaviors such as buttons and navigation) provides a smooth and comfortable operating experience .

Difference between Software and Programs


Words that appear as frequently as the word "Application" are "Software" and "program." However, just like the applications, they all have a vague understanding, and I think it would be difficult to explain the differences in detail. Although these terms have completely different meanings, they are closely related. The meaning of each will be explained below.

Software

It is a system that issues commands to a computer and makes it work, and is an intangible system that is invisible to the naked eye. What you can see on a computer or game console is called hardware, and it can be said to be the mechanism that makes this hardware work.

Software can be broadly classified into three types: "software OS", "application software", and "device driver".

・Software OS

Software OS is an abbreviation for Operating System, and it is software that is equipped with the basic functions to run a computer or smartphone, and is similar to the human brain. It is often simply referred to as the "OS".

・Application software

Application software is commonly referred to as an application, and refers to software that is specialized for a specific function and is created according to its use and purpose. As mentioned above, applications are categorized by target platform, and each application has its own characteristics.

・Device driver

Device drivers are software programs that operate computer peripherals such as keyboards, mice, and printers. Often called a "driver".


・Program

A program is a set of instructions needed to run a computer. In other words, a number of programs come together to form a piece of software.

What is an Application Server?

The application, as explained so far, processes user requests on a three-tiered server. This is called an application server and consists of three parts: a web server, a web application server, and a database server.

Web server (Front end)

A server that interacts directly with users, receiving requests from them and processing them.

Web application server (Back end)

Processes requests from the web server using programming languages ​​such as Java, Ruby, and PHP. Depending on the situation, it requests data from the database.

Database server

This server is mainly used for data management. The web application server performs processing, such as extracting and processing the necessary data.

By dividing the server into three in this way, you can distribute the processing load to each and solve problems such as response and conversion rates.

Type of Distribution Method.

There are currently two mainstream application distribution methods:

Software distribution type

Install a dedicated application on the device you are using, or software if it is a computer. Some of them can be used even without an internet environment. The main areas are games, design software, slide creation, data management, etc. The app may not be compatible depending on the device.

Cloud service type

It does not require installation on your device and can be used as long as you have an internet connection. Many of you may have heard of the term " SaaS (Software as a Service)." Applications that are provided on the Internet via the cloud include many services that you have actually used, such as Microsoft Office 365 (office software) and Gmail (webmail).

Why should you develop an Application?

With the spread of smartphones, various types of applications are being provided. In addition to developing new apps, it is not uncommon for existing services to be developed as apps as well. So why do companies develop apps?

Providing applications is not just about improving user experience such as convenience for users. By acquiring data such as purchase patterns through in-app user behavior analysis, companies can also benefit from the following benefits, which can be utilized in future strategies.

・Easily understand User Behavior

You can develop new strategies by analyzing patterns such as which features users often use within the app and what content they are interested in. In addition, if it is a native app, it will be more convenient for the user by taking advantage of the device's functions (camera, location information, push notifications), and it will be easier to leave a lasting impression by increasing the chances of contact with the service through push notifications etc. , we can also expect an increase in the service usage rate.

・Expansion of Business Opportunities

Providing applications has the potential to expand your earning potential. For example, we can expect to secure new sources of revenue, such as in-app advertising, billing, and subscriptions for the app itself. Additionally, applications can be released not only within Japan but also around the world, allowing you to expand the scope of your earnings.

What approximately App Development cost?

In the dynamic landscape of app development, cost estimatio hinges on several pivotal factors. Typically, the pricing formula incorporates “developer hours (development hours x hourly rate) + additional expenses.” The term “development hours” refers to the estimated time required by professionals like software engineers and designers. Additional expenses cover aspects like UI/UX design, server and domain charges, licenses for development tools, and other operational costs.

Here’s an industry-standard breakdown of average app development costs in the U.S. market:

Web Application Development

• Social Networking Service (SNS): Estimated costs range from $45,000 to $720,000+.
• Custom E-Commerce Platform: A broad spectrum from $72,000 to $720,000+.
• Online Reservation/Management Systems: Typically between $45,000 and $180,000+.
• Matchmaking Services: Development costs can range from $72,000 to $270,000+.
• Online Banking/Financial Platforms: Generally, costs range from $270,000 to $450,000+.

Mobile App Development

• Social Networking Apps: Pricing spans from $45,000 to $720,000+.
• Custom E-Commerce Applications: Range from $80,000 to $1,90,000+.
• Delivery Service Apps: Estimated between $72,000 and $135,000+.
• Messaging Applications: Cost range is typically $27,000 to $45,000+.
• Mapping and Navigation Apps: Development costs range from $45,000 to $90,000+.

It’s important to note that these figures are ballpark estimates. The final cost of app development can vary significantly based on the app’s complexity, custom features, backend infrastructure, and the expertise level of the development team. To get a precise quote, it’s advisable to consult with a software development firm to discuss your specific requirements and vision for the app.

Summary

So far, we have covered the definition of "application" that you may know but do not know, that there are three types of applications: web applications, mobile applications, and hybrid applications, the difference between software and programs, types of provision, application structure, and development. I have explained the cost.

Also, as explained in the benefits section, applications are being developed by various companies because they create benefits for both users and companies.

JIITAK has a lot of experience in developing mobile apps and web apps. If you have any problems with application development, or if you have an idea but find it difficult to give form, Contact JIITAK!

References

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Written By

Mark Levantins

Mark Levantins, with 6 years of extensive experience in system and app development, specializes in digital transformation, integrating innovative solutions to enhance customer experiences and business processes.

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