Web App Development Essentials: A Beginner's Guide

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I think you usually use web apps that can be used for free. But if you actually want to develop a web application by yourself, how much will the development cost be? Some of you may have had such a question, right?

So, this time, about web application development, what is a web application? From the basic knowledge, I will explain the flow, type, and cost. As for the cost, the price will fluctuate depending on the development content of the product. If you are interested in web application production or are actually considering development, I would be happy if you could refer to it.

Also, if you want to know basic knowledge such as web application development language, web application development framework, etc.
Please refer to the past blog post What is a web application? Please also see "Explanation of mechanism and development technology" and web application development at JIITAK.

What is a WEB Application?

A web application is an application that can be used on the Internet through a web browser. Web applications have the feature of "no need to install apps". That's why it has versatility that can be accessed from a wide range of environments on web browsers without relying on devices or OS (operation systems). In addition, users will be able to access the app smoothly and quickly, so we can provide a highly satisfactory user experience.

In addition, web applications also help improve the user experience in that they provide intuitive interfaces (buttons, navigation, etc.) that are easy for everyone to use. Of course, the operation method varies depending on each application, but I don't think we will read the web application manual when we usually use the web application.

In this way, many web applications have been released to the world because they can be operated intuitively on any device.

Introducing examples of Web Applications

A web application is an application that can be used on the Internet through a web browser. There is no need to install apps on the device, and it can be accessed from a wide range of environments on the web browser without depending on the device or OS. With such a versatile web application mechanism, users can access the app smoothly and quickly, realizing a highly satisfactory user experience. Until now, various apps have been developed according to the needs and technologies of the times. I listed some examples of services circulating in the world.

Social networking service (SNS)

Enable communication and information sharing between users.
Representative examples: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn

Custom E-Commerce

It includes functions such as customer management, inventory management, and payment processing, and allows you to purchase and sell products.
Representative examples:
Amazon, eBay, Rakuten, Shopify

Online Reservation/Reservation Management Application

We provide various reservation services, such as hotel reservations, restaurant reservations, and medical reservations.
Representative examples: Booking.com, OpenTable, Airbnb, Zodoc

Delivery Application

Deliver products and meals, such as from restaurants and supermarkets, to customers.
Representative examples: Uber Eats, DoorDash, Grubhub, and Deliveroo

Online banking/ Financial Services

It provides financial services such as Internet banking and online securities trading.
Representative examples: PayPal, Stripe, TransferWise, Revolut

Among the above examples, isn't there an app you use every day? I think that many people have become more comfortable with the birth of these services, enriching their lives and saving them. From here, I will talk in detail about how these apps that are used casually are developed.

Contract Types and Development Styles

There are several processes from planning to release for development. It is often developed in-house or outsourced, and there are various forms of contracts. There are three types of outsourcing contracts: "delegation contracts", "quasi-delegation contracts" and "contract contracts". "Semi-delegation contract" and "contract contract" are related to web application development, so this time I will introduce these two in detail.

Types of Contracts

1. Consultancy Services Agreement

This agreement typically involves a client hiring a software development firm or individual consultant to provide expert services over a set period. The focus is on the provision of expertise and advice rather than the delivery of a specific product. It's suitable for projects where ongoing consultancy, guidance, and expertise are required throughout the development process.


2. Augmented Team Model
Under this model, the software company provides a dedicated team that works closely with the client, almost as an extension of their internal team. This approach offers a blend of external expertise and close collaboration with the client's in-house resources.

3. Project-Based Development Agreement

In this type of agreement, a software development company is hired to complete a specific project within a defined timeline and budget. The focus is on delivering a final product or application, with the development company managing all aspects of the project. This contract is more product-oriented and less flexible regarding changes once the project is underway. This format is commonly chosen for projects with well-defined scopes and requirements, where the client prefers a hands-off approach and leaves the project management to the development company.

Web Application Development method

Next, we will list three examples of development methods and their respective merits and demerits. In today's world where demand is changeable, it is required to develop and release the system as soon as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to use a development method suitable for the purpose and content of the project.

Waterfall Development

A traditional method of software development that gradually advances each phase such as requirement definition, design, development, testing, and release. It is called a waterfall (waterfall) model because it is done in order from the top, and there are few cases where you return to the phase once you have advanced because you complete each process firmly.

Benefits: High planning and predictability, and clear progress for each phase is possible, so high-quality development is possible.

Disadvantages: It is difficult to respond to requirements changes, and it takes cost and time to modify and change, including the development itself.

Agile Development

A development method that emphasizes flexibility and rapid responsiveness that develops while repeating short-term repetitions, changing requirements and priorities, and evolving while incorporating customer feedback. " Agile = quick, agile, quick-witted, and has a name because it is possible to shorten the development period compared to conventional development methods.

Advantages: With the flexibility and speed of the characteristics, it is possible to respond quickly to customer requirements. It is suitable for the development of new services because it can drive trial and error according to hypotheses and user feedback.

Disadvantages: Because it is flexible, it is difficult to control the project due to changing requirements and increasing scope.

MVP (Minimum Viable Product) Development

A method to quickly develop the first version with the minimum possible functionality of a product or service. Improve and expand products while checking customer reactions and needs, and develop better versions. It is possible to enter the market and verify the market demand in a short period of time.

Benefits: You can get product feedback in the actual market early, and you can accurately grasp market needs while minimizing development time and cost.

Disadvantages: Due to some function limitations and incomplete aspects, some customers may not be satisfied.

Web Application Development - Flow, Resources involved

Web Application development varies greatly depending on the scale and requirements of the project. Here, we will introduce the flow of general web application development and the people involved in development. First, we will explain each phase in detail according to the flow of web application development.

Development flow

Planning and requirement definition

Find out what kind of system you want to develop and what you want to achieve with what challenges. Clarify the budget, necessary functions, technology, schedule and delivery date, necessary personnel (hours), implementation procedures, etc. The most important process in system development.

Basic design (external design)

Design "appearance and design = UI (user interface)" such as the operation screen of the system.

Detailed design (internal design)

Design of "continuations (functions and actions)" of systems and applications. It is considered and designed around technical factors such as development language, server database, and cooperation with API.

Development (coding/programming)

Developers use programming languages to develop according to the specifications determined by the previous processes (requirement definition and basic and detailed design).

Testing

Verify whether there are any defects before delivering the created system and whether the function works correctly as designed. If a defect is found during the test process, it will be corrected and verified again.

Release

After each test is thoroughly verified and quality guaranteed, it will be released (released) to the actual market and users.

Operation and maintenance

After release, unexpected defects and areas that need to be improved may occur, so system and application development needs to be maintained even after creation.

Resources Involved in Development

People involved in development vary depending on the size and content of the project. Here, I will introduce a position that I often get involved in.


1. Solution Architect: The Blueprint Designer

  • Overview: Solution Architects craft the overarching structure of software projects. They ensure the architecture aligns with business goals and integrates seamlessly with existing systems.
  • Key Skills: Proficiency in software architecture, cloud computing platforms like AWS or Azure, and a solid grasp of security and scalability.

2. Project Manager: The Strategic Leader

  • Overview: Project Managers orchestrate the project's life cycle, balancing scope, time, and cost. They ensure teams meet deadlines, stay within budget, and achieve project objectives.
  • Key Skills: Expertise in project management methodologies like Agile or Scrum, risk management, and strong leadership qualities.

3. Front-End Engineer: The Interface Expert

  • Overview: Specializing in user interface design, Front-End Engineers create engaging and intuitive web applications using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript frameworks.
  • Key Skills: Mastery of front-end technologies, responsive design principles, and a keen eye for aesthetics and user experience.

4. Backend Engineer: The Server-Side Specialist

  • Overview: Backend Engineers focus on server-side logic, database interactions, and the integration of user-facing elements developed by front-end engineers.
  • Key Skills: Deep knowledge of backend programming languages and frameworks, database management, and API development.

5. UI/UX Designer: The User Experience Architect

  • Overview: UI/UX Designers are responsible for crafting the visual and interactive aspects of a product, focusing on enhancing user satisfaction.
  • Key Skills: Proficiency in design tools like Sketch or Figma, understanding of user research methodologies, and strong creative vision.

6. QA Engineer: The Quality Guardian

  • Overview: QA Engineers ensure software products meet quality standards. They design test plans, execute test cases, and identify defects.
  • Key Skills: Familiarity with testing tools, keen attention to detail, and the ability to think critically about software functionality.

7. Infrastructure Engineer: The IT Backbone

  • Overview: Infrastructure Engineers design and manage the systems and networks that support software applications, ensuring reliability and scalability.
  • Key Skills: Expertise in cloud infrastructure, network security, and experience with DevOps practices.

8. Project Coordinator: The Organizational Anchor

  • Overview: Project Coordinators support project management activities, ensuring smooth communication and resource allocation.
  • Key Skills: Organizational prowess, proficiency in project management software, and excellent communication skills.

9. Engineering Manager: The Team Catalyst

  • Overview: Engineering Managers lead the technical team, driving the development process and fostering an environment of growth and innovation.
  • Key Skills: Leadership and technical acumen, team management experience, and strategic planning capabilities.

10. Technical Lead: The Technical Visionary

  • Overview: Technical Leads guide the development team, making pivotal decisions and often contributing to coding tasks.
  • Key Skills: Extensive technical knowledge, problem-solving abilities, and experience in guiding development teams.

11. Business Analyst: The Requirements Translator

  • Overview: Business Analysts bridge the gap between business needs and technical solutions, ensuring the software meets business objectives.
  • Key Skills: Proficiency in requirement analysis, data interpretation, and strong communication skills.

12. DevOps Engineer: The Efficiency Innovator

  • Overview: DevOps Engineers streamline software development and operations, focusing on automating and optimizing system processes.
  • Key Skills: Knowledge of automation tools, cloud services, and scripting languages.

13. User Researcher: The Voice of the User

  • Overview: User Researchers gather insights about user needs and behaviors to inform the design process, ensuring a user-centered approach.
  • Key Skills: Expertise in conducting user studies, data analysis, and empathy for user experiences.

Market Price of Web Application Development Costs

I will introduce the market price of web application development according to the types of apps mentioned earlier. Since these are the general market range, specific estimates vary depending on the period, engineer experience and project details.

・Social networking service (SNS)

→ Approximate Cost: 50,000 USD  to 8,00,000 USD*

・Custom E-Commerce Platform

→ Approximate Cost: 80,000 USD  to 8,00,000 USD*


・Online Reservation / Reservation Management Web Application

→ Approximate Cost: 50,000 USD  to 2,00,000 USD*

・Matching Web Application

→ Approximate Cost: 80,000 USD  to 3,00,000 USD*

・Online banking/financial services

→ Approximate Cost: 90,000 USD  to 30,00,000 USD*

Breakdown of Development Costs, Calculation Method

The cost of app development is calculated as "Resource Effort Cost+ Miscellaneous expenses". Most of the web application development costs are labor costs such as engineers, so the cost fluctuates in proportion to the skills and number of members in charge of development. In addition, miscellaneous expenses include various factors such as server domain fee, design fee, number of functions, number of users, maintenance and operation costs, so the cost varies depending on the application you develop. I will explain in detail below.

Comprehensive Breakdown of Software Development Costs: Beyond the Basics

1. Direct Labor Costs: The Core of Development

  • At the heart of software development are the resource costs, primarily comprising the salaries of your development team, which include engineers, project managers, designers, and QA engineers. The total cost here is a product of the individual cost per person per month, the size of the team, and the duration of the project. However, hidden beneath these apparent costs are often unaccounted factors like overtime payments and fees for specialist consultants, which can significantly add to the budget.

2. Operational Expenses: The Necessities Beyond Development

  • Beyond the direct labor costs lie the operational expenses, covering server fees, domain registrations, and subscriptions for third-party services. While these are usually predictable monthly or annual fees, scaling costs and unexpected downtime can present hidden financial challenges.

3. Software and Tools: The Invisible Support System

  • Software development isn't possible without the right tools and software licenses. This category includes the cost of development environments, project management tools, and collaboration software. However, what often goes unnoticed are the ongoing expenses for upgrades, renewals, and training the team on new tools or technologies.

4. Infrastructure and Hardware: The Backbone of Technology

  • The physical hardware, servers, or cloud infrastructure services are substantial investments. Yet, the costs don't end at purchase or subscription; regular maintenance and hardware upgrades also demand a portion of the budget.

5. Quality Assurance: Ensuring Excellence

  • Ensuring the software meets quality standards is a non-negotiable expense, involving both manual and automated testing. Beyond the internal costs, external QA services and testing platforms can add to the expenditure, often overlooked in initial budgeting.

6. Compliance and Security: Non-visible Yet Vital

  • Adhering to legal standards and security protocols incurs costs for compliance and security. These include not just initial setup costs but also ongoing expenses like audit fees and investments in data security measures.

7. After Launch: The Journey Beyond Deployment

  • Post-launch, the software requires ongoing support, updates, and bug fixing. While these are anticipated, long-term support contracts and extended maintenance agreements can lead to additional costs that are often underestimated.

8. Marketing and Visibility: The Launchpad of Success

  • The importance of marketing and promotional activities for software launch is undeniable. This includes costs for market research, advertising, and promotional events. However, the expenses of continuous market research and user feedback post-launch are often underestimated.

9. Preparing for the Unexpected: The Contingency Plan

  • Finally, a well-planned budget includes a contingency fund for unforeseen expenses and risks. This emergency fund serves as a buffer for unexpected challenges or opportunities that arise during the development process.

Precautions to prevent web application development from failing!

In order to succeed in web application development, I would like to carefully see if it meets the following points.

The Importance of concept design and strategy

A clear concept design and business strategy setting are essential for the success of web apps. It is important to grasp the needs of users and formulate strategies taking into account goals and competitive situations.

・Experience and achievements of development companies

Do you have experience and achievements and are you reliable? Can you get involved from the concept design and strategy stage? By choosing a development company based on the standard, technical knowledge and project management ability are guaranteed. Also, if you have developed similar services in the past, it may be a good reference.

・Communication and flexibility

Communication and flexibility in the development process are essential. Determine the flexibility to respond to changes in requirements and priorities and whether smooth communication with the team is possible.

・Evaluation of portfolio

By evaluating the portfolio of the development company, you can check its achievements and quality. In addition, it is important to refer to the successful examples and technical capabilities of past projects.

Based on these precautions, you can minimize the risk of failure in web application development by choosing a reliable development company. In addition, by clarifying the issues and necessary functions you want to solve at the requirement definition stage and sharing the details, you can avoid preventing troubles that you do not say later and becoming more expensive development costs than expected.

Summary

The above is a general explanation of the types and development of web application development. The example written here is just an example, and the development period, the number of people involved, and the cost will vary depending on the content of the project.

Web application development has the feature of being able to operate intuitively on various devices, and due to its high versatility, more and more companies are providing their own services with web applications.

JIITAK has a track record of developing many web applications such as take-out apps, admission and reservation management system apps, and we will build an optimized development team according to the business phase, purpose and budget. In addition, we are also developing mobile apps with strengths in Flutter development, so if you are considering application development among those who are reading this article, feel free to Contact JIITAK.

References

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Written By

Mark Levantins

Mark Levantins, applying his 6 years of experience in system and app development, focuses on business design, developing innovative strategies that align technology with business goals.

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